Artículo en revista científica

URI permanente para esta colección

http://167.157.3.119/handle/123456789/745

Es la presentación de los resultados de una investigación científica bajo un determinado formato o esquema de una determinada revista científica, la cual ha sido evaluada y aprobada por un comité científico y/o editorial, validando el nuevo conocimiento.

Examinar

Mostrando 1 - 11 de 11

Acceso Abierto
Cabras criollas y pequeños productores: caminos para elevar la productividad. Experiencias del proyecto caprinos en Cochabamba – Bolivia
(2014-01-01) Stemmer, Angelika; Valle Zárate, Anne
Se describen las condiciones de producción de la mayoría de criadores de caprinos en Cochabamba, Bolivia. Con base en investigaciones realizadas por el Proyecto Caprinos, se reportan los principales resultados obtenidos desde 1994 hasta la fecha sobre la aptitud productiva y reproductiva de caprinos Criollos en rebaños de productores a pequeña escala y en manejo semi extensivo en el rebaño de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas y Pecuarias de la UMSS. Se describen las ventajas de las cabras Criollas para la crianza en zonas desfavorecidas. Se desarrollan propuestas para elevar la productividad de las cabras Criollas en el sistema de producción orientado a la subsistencia.
Acceso Abierto
Conservación y uso sustentable de la llama de Ayopaya
(2010-11-01) Stemmer, Angelika; Vildozo Vargas, Dietter Andrés; Caballero Bustamante, Thelma Ingrid
Reseña del proyecto
Restringido
Design of a village breeding programme for a llama population in the High Andes of Bolivia
(2007-09-07) Wurzinger, M.; Willam, A.; Delgado, Javier; Nürnberg, Michaela; Zárate, A.V.; Stemmer, Angelika; Ugarte, G.; Sölkner, J.
No national breeding programme for llamas is in place in Bolivia. Initiatives for genetic improvement are rarely found and are usually carried out by NGOs working in rural development or improvement of livestock production or research stations. Farmers in the Province of Ayopaya in the District of Cochabamba have formed a breeders’ organization with the aim of improving fibre production. In this study, a detailed outline of a breeding programme with a focus on organizational and technical details is described. Facing constraints like illiteracy of farmers, bad infrastructure and lack of finances, a simple breeding programme is set up. The breeding goal is a higher fleece weight while keeping the fleece quality at the current high level. Greasy fleece weight and fibre diameter are identified as main selection criteria. Mass selection of males is carried out. Selected males are either exchanged between farmers and used in the herds or are kept during the mating season in a central mating station owned by the breeders’ organization. Model calculations were carried out with the program zplan, which is based on a deterministic approach. zplan evaluates the genetic and economic efficiency of breeding strategies considering one cycle of selection. Scenarios with only intra-herd use, using only the central mating station or combinations of those were compared in terms of expected genetic gain and expected increase of inbreeding. Fastest genetic progress is achieved when the males are kept in a central mating station as the selection intensity is on a high level. Rates of inbreeding vary between 0.08 and 0.32% per generation.
Acceso Abierto
El traspatio fomentado como una opción de producción sustentable por un colectivo de CONBIAND
(2012-12-01) Rodríguez, G.; Aznar, J.; Camacho Marquez, Ronald Edson; Carolino, N.; Hernández, J.S.; Lanari, M. R.; Perezgrovas, R.; Reising, C.A.; Stemmer, Angelika; Zaragoza, M.L.
Este trabajo no se refiere a un caso productivo específico, sino que destaca la colaboración entre estudiosos de un tema, surgida desde el interior de la Red CONBIAND y orientada a promover los recursos zoogenéticos locales en Iberoamérica. El espacio técnico-académico que ha evolucionado CONBIAND a lo largo de más de una década ha facilitado la organización de colectivos temáticos basados en intereses comunes entre varios de sus grupos. Un ejemplo de ello es el 'colectivo' Traspatio Iberoamericano, que en 2009 comenzó a unir esfuerzos inter-institucionales para estudiar y fomentar el 'espacio productivo cercano a la vivienda familiar' en Iberoamérica; hasta la fecha ha logrado importantes avances y recientemente ha propuesto el desarrollo de un proyecto consorciado que implemente una metodología para que los grupos participantes avancen de manera coordinada en la comprensión del traspatio. Posteriormente, el colectivo podrá contribuir a promover el traspatio como generador de seguridad alimentaria, salud, identidad, convivencia familiar, ocio saludable, redes sociales y servicios ambientales para las familias iberoamericanas, conservando los recursos genéticos. La colaboración entre diferentes grupos de CONBIAND con intereses comunes es claramente un ejemplo de la efectividad de la Red.
Restringido
Genetic and non-genetic factors influencing fibre quality of Bolivian llamas
(2005-08-26) Wurzinger, M.; Delgado, Javier; Nürnberg, Michaela; Valle Zárate, Anne; Stemmer, Angelika; Ugarte, G.; Sölkner, J.
Fibre samples of 2378 llamas were analysed with the optical fibre diameter analyser (OFDA). The following traits were considered: mean fibre diameter (MFD), standard deviation (S.D.), diameter of fibre <30um (DF < 30), proportion fibre <30um (%F < 30), proportion of kemp (PK) and proportion of medullated fibre (PMF). The effects of type of llama, age, sex and coat colour were studied. The type of llama influenced all traits showing that Th’ampulli (fibre type) is better than Kh’ara (meat type).With increasing age of the animal MFD, S.D., DF < 30 and PK increased whereas %F < 30 decreased. Comparing the two sexes, females showed better fibre quality. Heritabilities and genetic correlations for fibre traits were estimated using animal model procedures where all information came from mother–offspring relationships. Heritability estimates were 0.33, 0.28, 0.36, 0.32 and 0.25 for MFD, S.D., DF < 30, %F < 30 and PK, indicating potential for genetic selection. Genetic correlations between fibre traits and some body measurements were also calculated. In conclusion, the llama population studied shows a high genetic potential for high quality fibre production. The information available allows further steps towards the design of a breeding program.
Restringido
Genetic diversity and patterns of population structure in Creole goats from the Americas
(2017-06-01) Ginja, C.; Gama, L. T. ; Martínez, A. ; Sevane, N. ; Martin-Burriel, I.; Lanari, M. R. ; Revidatti, M. A. ; Aranguren-Méndez, J. A. ; Bedotti, D. O. ; Ribeiro, M. N. ; Sponenberg, P. ; Aguirre, E. L.; Alvarez-Franco, L. A. ; Menezes, M. P. C. ; Chacón, E. ; Galarza Barrón, Angel; Gómez-Urviola, V.; Martínez-López, O. R. ; Pimenta-Filho, E. C. ; da Rocha, L. L. ; Stemmer, Angelika; Landi, V. ; Delgado-Bermejo, J. V.
Biodiversity studies are more efficient when large numbers of breeds belonging to several countries are involved, as they allow for an in-depth analysis of the within- and between-breed components of genetic diversity. A set of 21 microsatellites was used to investigate the genetic composition of 24 Creole goat breeds (910 animals) from 10 countries to estimate levels of genetic variability,infer population structure and understand genetic relationships among populations across the American continent. Three commercial transboundary breeds were included in the analyses to investigate admixture with Creole goats. Overall, the genetic diversity of Creole populations (mean number of alleles = 5.82 ± 1.14, observed heterozygosity = 0.585 ± 0.074) was moderate and slightly lower than what was detected in other studies with breeds from other regions. The Bayesian clustering analysis without prior information on source populations identified 22 breed clusters. Three groups comprised more than one population, namely from Brazil (Azul and Graúna; Moxotó and Repartida) and Argentina (Long and shorthair Chilluda, Pampeana Colorada and Angora-type goat). Substructure was found in Criolla Paraguaya. When prior information on sample origin was considered, 92% of the individuals were assigned to the source population (threshold q ≥ 0.700). Creole breeds are well-differentiated entities (mean coefficient of genetic differentiation = 0.111 ± 0.048, with the exception of isolated island populations). Dilution from admixture with commercial transboundary breeds appears to be negligible. Significant levels of inbreeding were detected (inbreeding coefficient > 0 in most Creole goat populations, P < 0.05). Our results provide a broad perspective on the extant genetic diversity of Creole goats, however further studies are needed to understand whether the observed geographical patterns of population structure may reflect the mode of goat colonization in the Americas.
Restringido
Growth curves and genetic parameters for growth traits in Bolivian llamas
(2004-12-04) Wurzinger, M.; Delgado, Javier ; Nürnberg, Michaela; Valle Zárate, Anne; Stemmer, Angelika; Ugarte, G.; Sölkner, J.
The present study was carried out in the High Andes of the Department Cochabamba, Bolivia. Two types of llamas were found in the study area: Th’ampullis with higher fleece yields and fitting a fibre type; Kh’aras used as pack animals and fitting a meat-type. Growth curves for height at withers (HW), body length (BL), chest circumference (CC), abdomen circumference (AC) and body weight (BW) were described with the non-linear Brody function. The differences between sexes or types, except in the case of BW, were small. Equations for predicting body weight from different body measurements that could be easily obtained under field conditions were calculated. Reasonable fits were obtained with the inclusion of chest circumference and body length or chest circumference alone. Heritabilities and genetic correlations were estimated using animal model procedures based on mother–offspring relationships. Heritabilitiy estimates were 0.36, 0.27, 0.15, 0.09 and 0.11 for BW, HW, CC, BL and AC, genetic correlations ranged from 0.55 to 0.94.
Acceso Abierto
Identificación fenotípica y evaluación morfométrica de planteles de cuyes introducidos al Centro MEJOCUY
(2015-09-01) Rico Numbela, Elizabeth; Rivas Valencia, Claudia Mercedes
La caracterización morfológica y zoométrica, en cuyes, es importante debido a que la identificación de recursos genéticos constituye un primer paso hacia su conservación y protección. Los objetivos fueron: describir las características morfométricas y fenotípicas en las líneas AUQUI, San Luis, Rosario y Perú; determinar diferencias morfológicas entre machos y hembras; y determinar la relación de variables morfométricas y fenotípicas. Se empleó un diseño completamente aleatorio para variables continuas y distribución de Poisson, multinomial y binomial para variables cualitativas. El 100% de los animales presentaron cuerpo en forma de paralelepípedo. La presencia de roseta en la cabeza mostró diferencias altamente significativas, lo cual indica que en algunas líneas hay predominancia de roseta más que en otras. El color de orejas fue oscuro en mayor proporción y 100% caídas. El color de ojos, orejas y párpados presentó variaciones similares en las cuatro líneas estudiadas. Por consiguiente, las líneas AUQUI, San Luis, Rosario y Perú presentan morfometría similar para las variables en estudio. Se encontraron diferencias entre sexos, a favor de los machos. Fenotípicamente, las cuatro líneas muestran diferencias de coloración de pelaje, que está gobernado por pocos genes y la selección lleva rápidamente a la homocigosis para algunos rasgos externos.
Acceso Abierto
La llama de Ayopaya: un recurso zoogenético originario de Bolivia. Desafíos para su conservación
(2015-08-12) Stemmer, Angelika; Valle Zárate, Anne
Los camélidos domésticos juegan un papel muy importante en la vida productiva, social y cultural del productor andino en Bolivia. Son fuentes de fibra, carne y varios subproductos; son indispensables en el uso eficiente y sostenible de los ecosistemas frágiles y pobres en recursos naturales de las alturas. La presente contribución resume las investigaciones realizadas desde el año 1998 hasta el presente, en la Provincia Ayopaya del Departamento de Cochabamba, Bolivia, por el Programa Rumiantes Menores de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas y Pecuarias de la Universidad Mayor de San Simón. Se describen los avances en la caracterización de la llama de Ayopaya y su sistema de producción, incluyendo características de reproducción, fenotípicas (medidas zoométricas, pesos corporales), rendimiento de fibra, rendimiento de leche, funciones y usos de las llamas, criterios de selección aplicados por los criadores, además de aspectos zoosanitarios. Se resalta la importancia de la conservación de la llama de Ayopaya. Los principales desafíos en la conservación se identifican en la incipiente comercialización de productos y en la reciente introducción de alpacas en la zona.
Restringido
Stated preferences of llama keeping functions in Bolivia
(2009-01-14) Markemann, André; Stemmer, Angelika; Siegmund-Schultze, Marianna; Piepho, H.-P.; Valle Zárate, Anne
Bolivia accounts for approximately 63% of the South American llama population. Llamas keep playing an important role in the subsistence of smallholdings in the Andean regions fulfilling various functions in the productive, social and cultural life of the people. The present study evaluates functions of llama keeping as a prerequisite to the formulation of a community driven breeding programme. A ranking approach was applied with 75 farmers in 6 villages. Sampling considered the factors gender and central versus remote communities. The different functions were presented visually. Each farmer was asked to arrange the illustrations according to his preference order. In total, 10 functions were suggested, covering the categories transport, sale or use of products, integration of animals in cultural events and herd size as capital asset. Ranking frequencies of stated preferences were calculated. A rank-based t-test was applied for multiple pair-wise comparisons within ranking groups gender and community provenance, respectively. Between-group comparison was performed by non-parametric Wilcoxon ranksum test. The capital function was most important (14.6% of total ranking frequency) followed by the transport function to cultivated areas (13.7%) and the transport function for other purposes in third place (10.8%). All pair-wise comparison analysis indicated a significant difference for the two highest ranked functions. Functions ranked from 3rd to 9th position showed poor separation due to similar means with high variance. Bottom ranked function with significant separation for all ranking groupswas the ‘Integration of animals in cultural events or rituals’. Women appreciated the dung of the animals more than men (p=0.0376), whereas men put higher value on the sale of live animals for cash generation in case of emergency (p=0.0006) and for cash availability (p=0.0371). It is concluded that traditionally important functions of llamas like wealth accumulation and the close integration of the animals in mixed farming systems prevail. Breeding policies and breeding decisions will be more suitable when taking into account farmers' preferences and gender-specific perceptions.
Restringido
Traditional llama husbandry and breeding management in the Ayopaya region, Bolivia
(2009-06-07) Markemann, André ; Valle Zárate, Anne
The llama claims the largest population of the domestic South American camelids, most of which are raised in Bolivia. More than 53,000 rural families are dedicated to llama husbandry as part of their livelihood strategy. Contemporary Andean societies deliberately select animals for specific traits and employ substantial livestock management to secure subsistence. This study presents traditional llama husbandry and breeding management activities in the Ayopaya region, Bolivia. Traditional selection traits for male and female llamas are documented and assessed by a ranking and a ratio-scaled evaluation. Husbandry and management parameters are in concordance with other studies conducted in the region, but show a high variation. Average llama herd sizes are rather small (μ=45.6). In some herds, breeding males are utilized for a long time and mix with other herds, causing concerns about inbreeding. Preferred trait groups for llama males according to farmers’ responses were body conformation, fibre, testicle conformation, fleece colour and height at withers. Traditional selection criteria generally relate to the phenotype, but also include the commercially interesting fibre trait. The presented results should be considered in breeding and management programmes for the respective llama population to ensure sustainable use of this genetically and culturally valuable resource.

Examinar

Examinando Artículo en revista científica por Título

Resultados por página

Opciones de ordenación