Repositorio de Investigaión UMSS Examinando por Autor "Valle Zárate, Anne"

Examinando por Autor "Valle Zárate, Anne"

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Acceso Abierto
A llama breeding programme in Ayopaya, Bolivia
(2007-05-05) Stemmer, Angelika; Markemann, André; Siegmund-Schultze, Marianna; Valle Zárate, Anne
Se describe el programa de mejoramiento genético de llamas en la provincia Ayopaya, departamento de Cochabamba, Bolivia
Acceso Abierto
Cabras criollas y pequeños productores: caminos para elevar la productividad. Experiencias del proyecto caprinos en Cochabamba – Bolivia
(2014-01-01) Stemmer, Angelika; Valle Zárate, Anne
Se describen las condiciones de producción de la mayoría de criadores de caprinos en Cochabamba, Bolivia. Con base en investigaciones realizadas por el Proyecto Caprinos, se reportan los principales resultados obtenidos desde 1994 hasta la fecha sobre la aptitud productiva y reproductiva de caprinos Criollos en rebaños de productores a pequeña escala y en manejo semi extensivo en el rebaño de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas y Pecuarias de la UMSS. Se describen las ventajas de las cabras Criollas para la crianza en zonas desfavorecidas. Se desarrollan propuestas para elevar la productividad de las cabras Criollas en el sistema de producción orientado a la subsistencia.
Acceso Abierto
Criação de marcas para melhorar a competitividade da agricultura familiar: a “manta de carneiro de tauá” e o “lhama de Ayopaya”
(2008-12-12) Siegmund-Schultze, Marianna; Schneider, Sarah; Delgado, Javier; Stemmer, Angelika; Markemann, André; Holanda Júnior, Evandro; Alves, Selmo; Valle Zárate, Anne
Visando ao desenvolvimento rural sustentável, uma entrada pode ser segurar e melhorar a participação da agricultura familiar no mercado. Marcas coletivas podem valorizar recursos zoogenéticos locais e seus produtos oriundos de um processo artesanal. Pré-requisitos para a competitividade de marcas é particularidade, demanda do mercado, quantidade e qualidade. Dois produtos foram estudados, um de carne ovina no Nordeste do Brasil e o outro de fibra de lhama nas terras altas da Bolívia. Entrevistas com pessoas ao longo da cadeia produtiva foram contrastadas com regulamentos oficiais e observações do processo. A “Manta de Carneiro de Tauá” é uma carne seca e salgada. Ela se insere na tradição da região de Tauá, Brasil. A diferenciação de produtos similares consiste no valor próprio de consumir um produto da certa região e da forragem específica da região. A produção e comercialização atual não levam em conta a segurança alimentar do produto. Pré-requisitos para conformar a uma regulação oficial não são cumpridos. O “Lhama de Ayopaya” refere a uma fibra surpreendentemente fina encontrada na região de Ayopaya, Bolívia. A colheita da fibra é, porém, irregular, e consequentemente de qualidade menor. A comercialização atual é limitada. A produção de quantidades previsíveis, de maneira regular e com qualidade garantida, é o pressuposto para comerciantes. Ambos os produtos mostram diferenciação no mercado com potencial de competitividade. Contudo, as maneiras da produção atual não correspondem com as exigências de um mercado especializado. Modificações na produção são indispensáveis para participar nesse segmento do mercado. Marcas não-oficiais, com um público alvo restrito, representam uma entrada mais atingível para os produtos estudados. Afinal, o risco existe que a organização e os custos adicionais pesam mais do que o lucro.
Restringido
Genetic and non-genetic factors influencing fibre quality of Bolivian llamas
(2005-08-26) Wurzinger, M.; Delgado, Javier; Nürnberg, Michaela; Valle Zárate, Anne; Stemmer, Angelika; Ugarte, G.; Sölkner, J.
Fibre samples of 2378 llamas were analysed with the optical fibre diameter analyser (OFDA). The following traits were considered: mean fibre diameter (MFD), standard deviation (S.D.), diameter of fibre <30um (DF < 30), proportion fibre <30um (%F < 30), proportion of kemp (PK) and proportion of medullated fibre (PMF). The effects of type of llama, age, sex and coat colour were studied. The type of llama influenced all traits showing that Th’ampulli (fibre type) is better than Kh’ara (meat type).With increasing age of the animal MFD, S.D., DF < 30 and PK increased whereas %F < 30 decreased. Comparing the two sexes, females showed better fibre quality. Heritabilities and genetic correlations for fibre traits were estimated using animal model procedures where all information came from mother–offspring relationships. Heritability estimates were 0.33, 0.28, 0.36, 0.32 and 0.25 for MFD, S.D., DF < 30, %F < 30 and PK, indicating potential for genetic selection. Genetic correlations between fibre traits and some body measurements were also calculated. In conclusion, the llama population studied shows a high genetic potential for high quality fibre production. The information available allows further steps towards the design of a breeding program.
Restringido
Growth curves and genetic parameters for growth traits in Bolivian llamas
(2004-12-04) Wurzinger, M.; Delgado, Javier ; Nürnberg, Michaela; Valle Zárate, Anne; Stemmer, Angelika; Ugarte, G.; Sölkner, J.
The present study was carried out in the High Andes of the Department Cochabamba, Bolivia. Two types of llamas were found in the study area: Th’ampullis with higher fleece yields and fitting a fibre type; Kh’aras used as pack animals and fitting a meat-type. Growth curves for height at withers (HW), body length (BL), chest circumference (CC), abdomen circumference (AC) and body weight (BW) were described with the non-linear Brody function. The differences between sexes or types, except in the case of BW, were small. Equations for predicting body weight from different body measurements that could be easily obtained under field conditions were calculated. Reasonable fits were obtained with the inclusion of chest circumference and body length or chest circumference alone. Heritabilities and genetic correlations were estimated using animal model procedures based on mother–offspring relationships. Heritabilitiy estimates were 0.36, 0.27, 0.15, 0.09 and 0.11 for BW, HW, CC, BL and AC, genetic correlations ranged from 0.55 to 0.94.
Acceso Abierto
La crianza de caprinos en Bolivia y la función primordial de la cabra criolla
(2016-01-01) Stemmer, Angelika; Valle Zárate, Anne
En Bolivia, la crianza de caprinos se realiza principalmente en valles interandinos en sistemas de producción orientados a la subsistencia. Los criadores, en su mayoría, tienen rebaños mixtos de cabras y ovejas de 30 a 40 cabezas en promedio. El manejo del rebaño es tarea casi exclusivamente de mujeres y niños. Se describe la cabra criolla del departamento de Cochabamba, su fenotipo, medidas zoométricas, reproducción y la producción de carne y leche. Las cabras criollas son muy bien adaptadas a las condiciones ambientales y de crianza prevalentes. Una sola raza introducida más recientemente, la anglo nubia, y sus cruzas con criolla, han logrado establecerse en algunos sistemas de producción semi-intensivos o intensivos. Se comparan los beneficios y desventajas de los tres genotipos: criolla, anglo nubia y cruzas. Se describe el papel cultural de la crianza de cabras criollas y la valoración por parte de las criadoras de funciones, atributos y productos de sus cabras. Aparte del uso doméstico, se considera la comercialización de productos caprinos. Se concluye que la crianza de cabras criollas es importante para aportar a la seguridad alimentaria de pequeños productores y resguardar los recursos zoogenéticos que, por su alta variabilidad y capacidad de adaptación, podrían ser capaces de seguir aportando al sustento de sus propietarios.
Acceso Abierto
La llama de Ayopaya: un recurso zoogenético originario de Bolivia. Desafíos para su conservación
(2015-08-12) Stemmer, Angelika; Valle Zárate, Anne
Los camélidos domésticos juegan un papel muy importante en la vida productiva, social y cultural del productor andino en Bolivia. Son fuentes de fibra, carne y varios subproductos; son indispensables en el uso eficiente y sostenible de los ecosistemas frágiles y pobres en recursos naturales de las alturas. La presente contribución resume las investigaciones realizadas desde el año 1998 hasta el presente, en la Provincia Ayopaya del Departamento de Cochabamba, Bolivia, por el Programa Rumiantes Menores de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas y Pecuarias de la Universidad Mayor de San Simón. Se describen los avances en la caracterización de la llama de Ayopaya y su sistema de producción, incluyendo características de reproducción, fenotípicas (medidas zoométricas, pesos corporales), rendimiento de fibra, rendimiento de leche, funciones y usos de las llamas, criterios de selección aplicados por los criadores, además de aspectos zoosanitarios. Se resalta la importancia de la conservación de la llama de Ayopaya. Los principales desafíos en la conservación se identifican en la incipiente comercialización de productos y en la reciente introducción de alpacas en la zona.
Restringido
Stated preferences of llama keeping functions in Bolivia
(2009-01-14) Markemann, André; Stemmer, Angelika; Siegmund-Schultze, Marianna; Piepho, H.-P.; Valle Zárate, Anne
Bolivia accounts for approximately 63% of the South American llama population. Llamas keep playing an important role in the subsistence of smallholdings in the Andean regions fulfilling various functions in the productive, social and cultural life of the people. The present study evaluates functions of llama keeping as a prerequisite to the formulation of a community driven breeding programme. A ranking approach was applied with 75 farmers in 6 villages. Sampling considered the factors gender and central versus remote communities. The different functions were presented visually. Each farmer was asked to arrange the illustrations according to his preference order. In total, 10 functions were suggested, covering the categories transport, sale or use of products, integration of animals in cultural events and herd size as capital asset. Ranking frequencies of stated preferences were calculated. A rank-based t-test was applied for multiple pair-wise comparisons within ranking groups gender and community provenance, respectively. Between-group comparison was performed by non-parametric Wilcoxon ranksum test. The capital function was most important (14.6% of total ranking frequency) followed by the transport function to cultivated areas (13.7%) and the transport function for other purposes in third place (10.8%). All pair-wise comparison analysis indicated a significant difference for the two highest ranked functions. Functions ranked from 3rd to 9th position showed poor separation due to similar means with high variance. Bottom ranked function with significant separation for all ranking groupswas the ‘Integration of animals in cultural events or rituals’. Women appreciated the dung of the animals more than men (p=0.0376), whereas men put higher value on the sale of live animals for cash generation in case of emergency (p=0.0006) and for cash availability (p=0.0371). It is concluded that traditionally important functions of llamas like wealth accumulation and the close integration of the animals in mixed farming systems prevail. Breeding policies and breeding decisions will be more suitable when taking into account farmers' preferences and gender-specific perceptions.
Restringido
Traditional llama husbandry and breeding management in the Ayopaya region, Bolivia
(2009-06-07) Markemann, André ; Valle Zárate, Anne
The llama claims the largest population of the domestic South American camelids, most of which are raised in Bolivia. More than 53,000 rural families are dedicated to llama husbandry as part of their livelihood strategy. Contemporary Andean societies deliberately select animals for specific traits and employ substantial livestock management to secure subsistence. This study presents traditional llama husbandry and breeding management activities in the Ayopaya region, Bolivia. Traditional selection traits for male and female llamas are documented and assessed by a ranking and a ratio-scaled evaluation. Husbandry and management parameters are in concordance with other studies conducted in the region, but show a high variation. Average llama herd sizes are rather small (μ=45.6). In some herds, breeding males are utilized for a long time and mix with other herds, causing concerns about inbreeding. Preferred trait groups for llama males according to farmers’ responses were body conformation, fibre, testicle conformation, fleece colour and height at withers. Traditional selection criteria generally relate to the phenotype, but also include the commercially interesting fibre trait. The presented results should be considered in breeding and management programmes for the respective llama population to ensure sustainable use of this genetically and culturally valuable resource.

Examinando por Autor "Valle Zárate, Anne"

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