Examinando por Autor "Markemann, André"
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- artículos en libros.listelement.badgeAcceso AbiertoA llama breeding programme in Ayopaya, Bolivia(2007-05-05) Stemmer, Angelika; Markemann, André; Siegmund-Schultze, Marianna; Valle Zárate, AnneSe describe el programa de mejoramiento genético de llamas en la provincia Ayopaya, departamento de Cochabamba, Bolivia
- ponencias.listelement.badgeAcceso AbiertoCriação de marcas para melhorar a competitividade da agricultura familiar: a “manta de carneiro de tauá” e o “lhama de Ayopaya”(2008-12-12) Siegmund-Schultze, Marianna; Schneider, Sarah; Delgado, Javier; Stemmer, Angelika; Markemann, André; Holanda Júnior, Evandro; Alves, Selmo; Valle Zárate, AnneVisando ao desenvolvimento rural sustentável, uma entrada pode ser segurar e melhorar a participação da agricultura familiar no mercado. Marcas coletivas podem valorizar recursos zoogenéticos locais e seus produtos oriundos de um processo artesanal. Pré-requisitos para a competitividade de marcas é particularidade, demanda do mercado, quantidade e qualidade. Dois produtos foram estudados, um de carne ovina no Nordeste do Brasil e o outro de fibra de lhama nas terras altas da Bolívia. Entrevistas com pessoas ao longo da cadeia produtiva foram contrastadas com regulamentos oficiais e observações do processo. A “Manta de Carneiro de Tauá” é uma carne seca e salgada. Ela se insere na tradição da região de Tauá, Brasil. A diferenciação de produtos similares consiste no valor próprio de consumir um produto da certa região e da forragem específica da região. A produção e comercialização atual não levam em conta a segurança alimentar do produto. Pré-requisitos para conformar a uma regulação oficial não são cumpridos. O “Lhama de Ayopaya” refere a uma fibra surpreendentemente fina encontrada na região de Ayopaya, Bolívia. A colheita da fibra é, porém, irregular, e consequentemente de qualidade menor. A comercialização atual é limitada. A produção de quantidades previsíveis, de maneira regular e com qualidade garantida, é o pressuposto para comerciantes. Ambos os produtos mostram diferenciação no mercado com potencial de competitividade. Contudo, as maneiras da produção atual não correspondem com as exigências de um mercado especializado. Modificações na produção são indispensáveis para participar nesse segmento do mercado. Marcas não-oficiais, com um público alvo restrito, representam uma entrada mais atingível para os produtos estudados. Afinal, o risco existe que a organização e os custos adicionais pesam mais do que o lucro.
- tesis.listelement.badgeAcceso AbiertoFunctions and selection criteria for a llama population in the Bolivian Andes(2010-01-01) Markemann, AndréSe evalúan las funciones de la crianza de llamas y se desarrollan criterios de selección
- artículos en revistas científicas.listelement.badgeRestringidoStated preferences of llama keeping functions in Bolivia(2009-01-14) Markemann, André; Stemmer, Angelika; Siegmund-Schultze, Marianna; Piepho, H.-P.; Valle Zárate, AnneBolivia accounts for approximately 63% of the South American llama population. Llamas keep playing an important role in the subsistence of smallholdings in the Andean regions fulfilling various functions in the productive, social and cultural life of the people. The present study evaluates functions of llama keeping as a prerequisite to the formulation of a community driven breeding programme. A ranking approach was applied with 75 farmers in 6 villages. Sampling considered the factors gender and central versus remote communities. The different functions were presented visually. Each farmer was asked to arrange the illustrations according to his preference order. In total, 10 functions were suggested, covering the categories transport, sale or use of products, integration of animals in cultural events and herd size as capital asset. Ranking frequencies of stated preferences were calculated. A rank-based t-test was applied for multiple pair-wise comparisons within ranking groups gender and community provenance, respectively. Between-group comparison was performed by non-parametric Wilcoxon ranksum test. The capital function was most important (14.6% of total ranking frequency) followed by the transport function to cultivated areas (13.7%) and the transport function for other purposes in third place (10.8%). All pair-wise comparison analysis indicated a significant difference for the two highest ranked functions. Functions ranked from 3rd to 9th position showed poor separation due to similar means with high variance. Bottom ranked function with significant separation for all ranking groupswas the ‘Integration of animals in cultural events or rituals’. Women appreciated the dung of the animals more than men (p=0.0376), whereas men put higher value on the sale of live animals for cash generation in case of emergency (p=0.0006) and for cash availability (p=0.0371). It is concluded that traditionally important functions of llamas like wealth accumulation and the close integration of the animals in mixed farming systems prevail. Breeding policies and breeding decisions will be more suitable when taking into account farmers' preferences and gender-specific perceptions.
- artículos en revistas científicas.listelement.badgeRestringidoTraditional llama husbandry and breeding management in the Ayopaya region, Bolivia(2009-06-07) Markemann, André ; Valle Zárate, AnneThe llama claims the largest population of the domestic South American camelids, most of which are raised in Bolivia. More than 53,000 rural families are dedicated to llama husbandry as part of their livelihood strategy. Contemporary Andean societies deliberately select animals for specific traits and employ substantial livestock management to secure subsistence. This study presents traditional llama husbandry and breeding management activities in the Ayopaya region, Bolivia. Traditional selection traits for male and female llamas are documented and assessed by a ranking and a ratio-scaled evaluation. Husbandry and management parameters are in concordance with other studies conducted in the region, but show a high variation. Average llama herd sizes are rather small (μ=45.6). In some herds, breeding males are utilized for a long time and mix with other herds, causing concerns about inbreeding. Preferred trait groups for llama males according to farmers’ responses were body conformation, fibre, testicle conformation, fleece colour and height at withers. Traditional selection criteria generally relate to the phenotype, but also include the commercially interesting fibre trait. The presented results should be considered in breeding and management programmes for the respective llama population to ensure sustainable use of this genetically and culturally valuable resource.